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Sāma, Dāna, Danda, Bheda is a method of persuasion used by Hindu Kshatriyas. These are four of the seven techniques used by Kings to rule their kingdoms. The other three are ''Maya'', ''Upeksha'' and ''Indrajala''. This is a political methodology to approach a given situation. Start with conciliation or gentle persuasion ( ''Sāma'' - Respect ). If that does not help, give something ( ''Dāna'' - Gift, bribery ). If that still does not change the status quo, divide the enemies or create division among them ( ''Bheda'' - Division ). Use force ( ''Danda'' - Punishment ) to resolve the situation where the previous three fail. In addition to it, the use of illusions or deceit (''Māya''), deliberately ignoring people (''Upeksha''), use of jugglery (''Indrajālā'') are also suggested to resolve any situation. Chanakya recommended these seven strategies to Chandragupta Maurya in dealing with his neighboring powers. Sama, dana, bheda, danda were the political methodologies prescribed by the scriptures. All four were to be contemplated. The first was sama: political conciliation, humane; dana: a political sacrifice; bheda: a threat that something unwanted may happen if proper steps are not taken to bring about a conciliation and if everything fails danda: use of violence. In the context of Mahabharata, finally it was decided by the well-wishers of the Pandavas that the three earlier methods could not succeed, though they attempted their best in the pursuance of these policies. War took place, and details of the war are given in the Bhishmaparva, the Dronaparva, and the Karnaparva of the Mahabharata, ending with the Shantiparva where, by mysterious maneuvers and divine interventions of various types, the war was won on the side of the Pandavas. The chief of the Pandavas, Yudhishthira, was crowned king. == See also == * Agni Purana 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sāma, Dāna, Bheda, Danda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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